tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-88290391870297391702014-10-06T19:30:28.904-07:00@ROYAL CIVIL@MOHIT JAINhttps://plus.google.com/117485572119067096168noreply@blogger.comBlogger17125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8829039187029739170.post-68206555501521635872013-09-23T10:36:00.000-07:002013-09-23T10:36:47.109-07:00EARTH RETAINING WALL<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Retaining walls are the structures used to support earth,loose stone or other materials which would not be able to stand vertically unsupported.these types of materials when unsupported attain a natural slope the angle which this slope makes with horizontal is known as ANGEL OF REPOSE (varies with type of material). the material retained or supported by retaining walls is called back fill. the pressure of earth on retaining wall is known as earth pressure. the position of the back fill lying above the horizontal plane and the elevation of the top of the wall is called surcharge. the inclination to the horizontal is called surcharge angle <span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19.1875px;">β (</span>beeta).<br /><br /></div>MOHIT JAINhttps://plus.google.com/117485572119067096168noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8829039187029739170.post-38980800646253027202013-08-02T05:23:00.000-07:002013-08-02T05:23:02.724-07:00STRESS STRAIN RELATIONSHIP FOR DUCTILE MATERIAL<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">stress-strain diagram for ductile material</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">When a ductile material like mild steel bar of uniform cross section is subjected to a gradually increasing tensile load up to fracture using universal testing machine.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">The relationship between stress and strain is generally of the form as shown</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3iRCpbL4bG4/UfuiYsM9htI/AAAAAAAACCU/lOd0nDs5PoA/s1600/fig+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3iRCpbL4bG4/UfuiYsM9htI/AAAAAAAACCU/lOd0nDs5PoA/s1600/fig+3.jpg" height="229" width="320" /></a></div><o:p></o:p><br /><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">The following are the salients points on the curve:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><u><span style="color: red;">1>LIMIT OF PROPORTIONALITY</span></u>: IN This range the strain is proportional to the stress and the graph is a straight line. Point is called limit of proportionality.it is the value of stress up to which stress and strain has a constant ration and hooke’s law is obeyed.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="color: red;"><u>2>ELASTIC LIMIT</u></span>:At point A the curve deviates from the straight line.if the load is increased beyond A up to the point B, the material behaves in elastic manner that is on the removal of the load the whole deformation will vanish.the value of stress corresponding to point B up to which the material behaves in an elastic manner is called the elastic limit. Te specimen if stressed beyond this limit not return back to its original position when the load is removed and there will be a permanent deformation of the body called permanent set. Up to point B the material will be in elastic range and beyond it will be in the plastic range. Two points which are proportional limit and elastic limit are very close to each other and in some cases they may coincide also.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="color: red;"><u>3>UPPER YIELD POINT</u></span>: point c is called upper yield point at this point there is an increase in strain even though there is no increase in stress(load). A formation of creep makes the specimen plastic and the material begins to flow.the value of stress corresponding to point C is called yield stress or yield strength. The yield stress defined as that unit stress which will cause an increase in length without an increase in load. At this stage strain is .125 and stress in 250 n/mm2.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><u><span style="color: red;">4>LOWER YIELD POINT</span></u>: A load may rise and fall while yielding occurs. This is indicating by wavy appearance of the stress-strain graph between C And D. point D corresponding to the lower yield point. After yielding has ceased at D further stress and strain can be obtained by increasing the load.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><u><span style="color: red;">5>ULTIMATE LOAD POINT</span></u>: after increasing the load beyond the yield point the stress strain curve rises till the point E is reached which is called ultimate(maximum) load point.the stress corresponding to this point is also max and is called ultimate stress or ultimate tensile strength or tensity. This stress is about 370 to 400 n/mm2.at this stage cross section area at particular start reducing very fast. This is called neck formation.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><u><span style="color: red;">6> BREAKING LOAD POINT</span></u>: up to point E the cross sectional area of te specimen goes on uniformly decreasing forming a neck or waist and the load required to cause further extension is also reduced.as the elongation continues cross sectional area becomes smaller and smaller ultimately the specimen is broken at F into two pieces giving cup cone type of ductile fracture.point F is called breaking load point and the stress corresponding to this point is called breaking stress or rupture or breaking strength of the material. At <o:p></o:p></span></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">this stage strain is 20 to 25%. </span></div></div>MOHIT JAINhttps://plus.google.com/117485572119067096168noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8829039187029739170.post-8340210399674808992012-12-17T02:43:00.003-08:002012-12-17T02:43:26.608-08:00Airport project worth Rs. 3,000cr up for grab<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /><h1 class="contentheading" style="color: #cc0000; font-family: verdana; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">Airport project worth Rs. 3,000cr up for grab</h1><div align="left" style="float: left; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; width: 100px;"><img alt="Manohar Parrikar" src="http://www.nbmcw.com/images/nbm-media/News/Dec-12/manohar-parrikar.jpg" /></div><div class="FontN" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;">The Goa Government, which is setting up a new airport at Mopa in the northern parts of the state at an investment of Rs. 3,000cr, is all set to float global tenders for the mega project, Chief Minister Manohar Parrikar, said explaining that the new airport will be developed on a public private partnership (PPP) basis in which the State's contribution will be restricted to providing land for the project and the airport is likely to become operational in the next three to four years. In this connection, the government is currently awaiting for necessary environmental clearances after which it will acquire about 1,500 acres of which about 60-70% of the land has already been acquired by the State and the remaining portion will be acquired very shortly.</div><div><br /></div></div>MOHIT JAINhttps://plus.google.com/117485572119067096168noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8829039187029739170.post-6220773269898188682012-10-28T02:19:00.002-07:002012-10-28T02:19:34.581-07:00GD topics in Service Selection Board - Common Topics based on National Issues.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative;">GD topics in Service Selection Board - Common Topics based on National Issues<span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">.</span></h3><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-6245035904255983230" itemprop="articleBody" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 450px;"><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><ol><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Naxallism.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Nuclear reactors in our nation</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Is it good to quit nuclear reactors in our country like germany.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Alternative source of energy other than nuclear reactors.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Nuclear agreement with U.S.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Nuclear agreement with Russia.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Does Nuclear head of pakistan a threat to the nation</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">World Peace.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Pros and Cons of Science.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Increase in technology increaes life span of man's life</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Compulsory Army training.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">33% reservation for Women.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Youth in politics</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Unempoyment in bharat</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Alternative source of fuel.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Role of press in bharat</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Permanent seat in UNO for our nation</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Permanent seat in G8 for our country</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Bharat the super power by Defense or Agriculture.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Bharat in Space Research</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Success rate of wind power and solar energy for power.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Compuer and its pros and cons.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Internet and its pros and cons.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">T-20 cricket changes the cricket style.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Which is best Test match of T-20</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Important of Sex Education.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Common syllabus for School in our nation</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Common Entrance test</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Ragging in college good or bad.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Wearing helmet at road.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Should we improve its defense technology or not.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Who saves nation more Police or Army.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">BPO jobs in our country.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Love marriage or Arranged marriage.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Co-Education in nation.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Number one state in bharat- The Gujarat.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Removing of Alcoholism is a revenue loss for our country.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Government bars in states of our nationis good or bad.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Population of the country.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Child growth is influenced by Friends, Teachers and Parents ?</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Joining of Rivers in our nation.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Construction of check dams to save river water is successful?</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Inflation Rate of economy in bharat .</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Quota system in our nation</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Kashmir issue and LOC.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Terrorism.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Role of Communication in our country.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Sports in bharat.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Hocky the national game.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Domination of cricket over hockey.</li></ol></div></div></div>MOHIT JAINhttps://plus.google.com/117485572119067096168noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8829039187029739170.post-55066051590550683172012-07-07T02:10:00.000-07:002012-07-07T02:10:43.142-07:00tiger stone........<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><object width="320" height="266" class="BLOG_video_class" id="BLOG_video-6dac516bd2f361b5" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0"><param name="movie" value="//www.youtube.com/get_player"><param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF"><param name="allowfullscreen" value="true"><param name="flashvars" value="flvurl=http://redirector.googlevideo.com/videoplayback?id%3D6dac516bd2f361b5%26itag%3D5%26source%3Dblogger%26app%3Dblogger%26cmo%3Dsensitive_content%3Dyes%26ip%3D0.0.0.0%26ipbits%3D0%26expire%3D1420543297%26sparams%3Dip,ipbits,expire,id,itag,source%26signature%3D2A83175F77996BF573075FC5B3E07D7F784F0F84.57FB36957CE53635B2D66799A92491C66FAEB2B5%26key%3Dck2&iurl=http://video.google.com/ThumbnailServer2?app%3Dblogger%26contentid%3D6dac516bd2f361b5%26offsetms%3D5000%26itag%3Dw160%26sigh%3DEWK_D4lfdsKUArs1by5kCc1Q7ww&autoplay=0&ps=blogger"><embed src="//www.youtube.com/get_player" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="320" height="266" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" flashvars="flvurl=http://redirector.googlevideo.com/videoplayback?id%3D6dac516bd2f361b5%26itag%3D5%26source%3Dblogger%26app%3Dblogger%26cmo%3Dsensitive_content%3Dyes%26ip%3D0.0.0.0%26ipbits%3D0%26expire%3D1420543297%26sparams%3Dip,ipbits,expire,id,itag,source%26signature%3D2A83175F77996BF573075FC5B3E07D7F784F0F84.57FB36957CE53635B2D66799A92491C66FAEB2B5%26key%3Dck2&iurl=http://video.google.com/ThumbnailServer2?app%3Dblogger%26contentid%3D6dac516bd2f361b5%26offsetms%3D5000%26itag%3Dw160%26sigh%3DEWK_D4lfdsKUArs1by5kCc1Q7ww&autoplay=0&ps=blogger" allowFullScreen="true" /></object></div><br /></div>MOHIT JAINhttps://plus.google.com/117485572119067096168noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8829039187029739170.post-46088246401227470302012-06-19T20:52:00.004-07:002012-06-19T20:52:46.734-07:00RMC—A Revolution in Production of Concrete<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2in; mso-line-height-alt: 6.9pt; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2in; mso-line-height-alt: 6.9pt; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2in; mso-line-height-alt: 6.9pt; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6X5dAUN209s/T-FIzP5Zk5I/AAAAAAAAAX0/-tvHnzgEqYU/s1600/production-of-concrete-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="245" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6X5dAUN209s/T-FIzP5Zk5I/AAAAAAAAAX0/-tvHnzgEqYU/s400/production-of-concrete-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2in; mso-line-height-alt: 6.9pt; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Ready mixed concrete, by far the most common form of concrete, accounts for more than half of all concrete consumption. Ready mixed refers to concrete that is batched for delivery from a central mixing plant instead of being mixed on the job site. Each batch of ready-mixed concrete is tailormade according to the specifications of the contractor or concrete mix design and is delivered to the site in green or plastic condition, usually in the cylindrical trucks often known as “Transit mixers.”<br /><br />Concrete constituents occupy a large space for storage at construction site. Further, the builder has to spend a lot of time and effort to source these materials and test their quality before use. Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) suppliers take care to collect and store all these materials and supply the required quantity of concrete at the specified time and place so that construction can proceed smoothly. Metropolitan cities are hard-pressed for storage space. Therefore, RMC greatly relieves the space problem.<br /><br />The real advantage for the construction industry accrues from the quality of the concrete because of the expertise and experience of the batching plant QC Engineer. However, the quality of the structure made using RMC largely depends on close coordination between the supplier of RMC and the builder at the site at all stages starting from ordering concrete to discharging and placing of the concrete. Transit Mixers can drive directly onto the site and can mechanically control the positioning of the discharge chute without the help of contractor's personnel.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2in; mso-line-height-alt: 6.9pt; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">History<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GWC2SXssYgU/T-FI0LpbCCI/AAAAAAAAAX8/rQLt9KXB4-I/s1600/production-of-concrete-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="324" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GWC2SXssYgU/T-FI0LpbCCI/AAAAAAAAAX8/rQLt9KXB4-I/s400/production-of-concrete-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2in; mso-line-height-alt: 6.9pt; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">As early as 1909, concrete was prepared by a horse-drawn mixer that used paddles turned by the cart’s wheels to mix concrete en route to the jobsite. In 1916, Stephen Stepanian of Columbus, Ohio, developed a self-discharging motorized transit mixer that was the predecessor of the modern ready–mixed concrete truck. Development of improved readymixed concrete trucks was developed in the 1920s. During the 1940s, the availability of heavier trucks and better engines allowed mixing drum capacities to increase, which in turn allowed ready-mixed concrete producers to meet the high demand for concrete that developed as a result of World War II.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2in; mso-line-height-alt: 6.9pt; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">RMC–A Step Forward and Ideal for Many Jobs<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-i0F_ymEBu24/T-FI0_VcAbI/AAAAAAAAAYE/5e12evwidsM/s1600/production-of-concrete-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="137" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-i0F_ymEBu24/T-FI0_VcAbI/AAAAAAAAAYE/5e12evwidsM/s400/production-of-concrete-3.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2in; mso-line-height-alt: 6.9pt; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 8.05pt; margin-bottom: 5.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Specification of RMC<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The builder should specify the grade (strength) of concrete required for his structure. It is also necessary to specify the minimum cement content and maximum permissible water-cement ratio and the workability in terms of slump value. This will ensure that concrete will have required strength on attaining maturity, workable at the time of placing and will be durable. For special jobs, the type of cement or admixture to be used should also be specified.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2in; mso-line-height-alt: 6.9pt; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Types of RMC<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">RMC can be classified according to ingredients mixed in concrete. These may be on the basis of Cementitous Material i.e. Flyash is a part of Cement or not and Admixture is used or not. Otherwise, there are two principal categories of ready mixed concrete.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.2pt; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Dry Concrete</span></b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">: All the ingredients are mixed in dry form without mixing water in it. All these materials are sent in rotating drum and measured water quantity is sent in separate Water container. The water is mixed at site when it reaches there.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.2pt; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Green Concrete</span></b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">: All the ingredients are mixed together including the measured water quantity at Concrete Batching Plant itself. They are sent in rotating drum or in transit mixture to the site of concreting.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2in; mso-line-height-alt: 6.9pt; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Code Stipulation<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The most important parameter is the time that gets elapsed from the instance of adding water to the placement of concrete. Normally, the concrete has to be placed in about 90–120 minutes or before the rotating drum of transit mixer has made about 300 revolutions. Indian Standard 4926:2003 permits concrete to be discharged from the truck mixer within 120 minutes after loading. It also permits a longer period if suitable retarding admixtures are used or by deliberate chilling.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pIcSd-5Mksg/T-FI1hQtCCI/AAAAAAAAAYM/QNvknxJjUw0/s1600/production-of-concrete-4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="131" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pIcSd-5Mksg/T-FI1hQtCCI/AAAAAAAAAYM/QNvknxJjUw0/s400/production-of-concrete-4.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2in; mso-line-height-alt: 6.9pt; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Mixing Plant<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: right;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">RMC is a specialized material in which the cement aggregates and other ingredients are weigh batched at a plant Figures 1 and 2 in a central mixer or truck mixer, before delivery to the construction site in a condition ready for placing by the builder. Thus, ‘fresh’ concrete is manufactured in a plant away from the construction site and transported within the requisite journey time. The RMC supplier provides two services, firstly one of processing the materials for making fresh concrete and secondly, of transporting a product within a short time.<br /><br />Sometimes materials such as water and some varieties of admixtures can be transit–mixed (also known as Transit Mixture), that is they can be added to the concrete at the jobsite after it has been batched to ensure that the specified properties are attained before placement. Here materials are batched at a central plant and are completely mixed in the Batching Plant or partially mixed in transit. Transit–mixing keeps the water separate from the cement and aggregates and allows the concrete to be mixed immediately before placement at the construction site (Dry Concrete). This method avoids the problems of premature hardening and slump loss that result from potential delays in transportation or placement of central–mixed concrete. Additionally, transit- mixing allows concrete to be hauled to construction sites further away from the plant. There are several types of RMC plants varying in type of mixing and capacity of concrete production. These plants are generally available in capacities varying from 15 /hour to 200 / hour. A typical RMC plant is shown here.<br /><!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br /><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2in; mso-line-height-alt: 6.9pt; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The Truck Mix<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">While ready mixed concrete can be delivered to the point of placement in a variety of ways, the overwhelming majority of it is brought to the construction site in truck–mounted, rotating drum mixers Figure 3. Truck mixers have a revolving drum with the axis inclined to the horizontal. Inside the shell of the mixer drum are pair of blades or fins that wrap in a helical (spiral) configuration from the head to the opening of the drum. This configuration enables the concrete to mix when the drum spins in one direction and causes it to discharge when the direction is reversed.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /><br />To load, or charge, raw materials from a transit mix plant or centrally mixed concrete into the truck, the drum must be turned very fast in the charging direction. After the concrete is loaded and mixed, it is normally hauled to the job site with the drum turning at a speed of less than 2 rpm. The maximum number of revolutions the drum may rotate before delivery is about 300.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2in; mso-line-height-alt: 6.9pt; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Transportation of Concrete<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Central–mixed concrete is completely mixed at the plant then transported in a truck or transit mixer or agitator truck. Freshly mixed concrete may be transported in a open dump truck if the jobsite is near the plant or very low slump is required like for pavement quality concrete used in road construction. Slight agitation of the concrete during transit prevents segregation of the materials and reduces the amount of slump loss.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2in; mso-line-height-alt: 6.9pt; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Site Preparation<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">A fully loaded transit mixer weighs approximately 25 Tons. Hence prior checking of good access to the site of discharge of concrete from transit mixture is essential. This will avoid problems of delay on the day of concreting.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2in; mso-line-height-alt: 6.9pt; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Quality Assurance<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">For this a sample of concrete must be taken out of Transit Mixture (as shown in Figure 4) to measure the workability by taking the slump. Samples are also taken for determining actual compressive strength of concrete. Three cubes of size 150x150x150 are made on site of this concrete from every or alternate transit mixture depending upon the total quantity of concrete ordered. Samples should be taken from different parts of the load.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2in; mso-line-height-alt: 6.9pt; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Handling and Placing<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Efficient use of RMC depends upon a rapid turnaround of truck mixers and proper facilities for rapid discharge and placing of concrete. With proper access and site facilities, the modern truck mixers can position it and discharge the full load in 15 to 30 minutes. They represent a potential delivery rate of nearly 30 m3 per hour. The concrete arrives with the ordered workability and hence no extra water should be added at the site. Concrete that does not arrive within the tolerance limit of ordered workability may be rejected or if permitted, it can be altered by mixing a small dose of Admixture, after judging the condition of concrete.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /><br />Ready-mixed concrete is often remixed once it arrives at the jobsite to ensure that the proper slump is obtained. However, concrete that has been remixed tends to set more rapidly than concrete mixed only once. The builder often handles the concrete with only a few manual laborers. Continuous handling methods such as mobile pump and conveyor system help in increasing the turnover. It is best to discharge the concrete from the truck mixture as close as possible to the place where it is required. Concrete can be discharged directly from the truck through chutes or it can be pumped by static or Mobile Pump as shown in Figure 5 at the construction pouring point.<br /><!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br /><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Advantages of Using Ready Mixed Concrete<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Ready Mixed Concrete can ensure quality because of the expertise and experience of RMC plant Technical Staff.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">There is no botheration of ordering materials like Aggregate, Sand, Cement etc an find place to store them. Then arrange for site mixing machine.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Ready-mixed concrete is particularly advantageous when small quantities of concrete or intermittent placing of concrete are required.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Ready-mixed concrete is also ideal for large jobs where space Figure 4: Taking Sample for Testing is limited and there is little room for a mixing plant and aggregate stockpiles.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">RMC is ‘Fresh’ Concrete manufactured in a plant away from the construction site and transported within the stipulated time to the site.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Concrete arrives with the ordered specifications. Do not add water at the site.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Modern Truck Mixers can discharge the full load in 15 To 30 Minutes.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Concrete can be discharged directly from the truck through chutes or it can be pumped by static or mobile pump at the pouring point.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div></div>MOHIT JAINhttps://plus.google.com/117485572119067096168noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8829039187029739170.post-31935696495406916972012-05-22T07:05:00.002-07:002012-05-22T07:05:20.929-07:00i am a civil engg<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3KExeLX3jkA/T7udBY2gqpI/AAAAAAAAAQM/Gmup5S-exus/s1600/564286_293095307450136_123140751112260_642192_826051122_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="464" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3KExeLX3jkA/T7udBY2gqpI/AAAAAAAAAQM/Gmup5S-exus/s640/564286_293095307450136_123140751112260_642192_826051122_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /></div>MOHIT JAINhttps://plus.google.com/117485572119067096168noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8829039187029739170.post-53226687058949414052012-05-12T08:53:00.003-07:002012-05-12T08:53:53.523-07:00PE players place bids for Rs. 2,000 crore realty project<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: #31849b; font-family: "Baskerville Old Face","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 191;">PE players place bids for Rs. 2,000crore realty project<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: #31849b; font-family: "Baskerville Old Face","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #31849b; font-family: "Baskerville Old Face","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 191;"> The Private Equity funding giants including Blackstone, Morgan Stanley, IDFC and Singapore-based developer and investor Ascendas and Mapletree are among the players who have joined the race and put in bids for the Essar Group-backed Equinox Realty's commercial project involving an investment of Rs. 2,000cr. In the emerging scenario in case transaction materializes, it would be one of the biggest PE deals in commercial property. Recently, Ascendas bought a property in Hyderabad from Phoenix Infocity for Rs 855cr and Blackstone has also struck a deal for DLF's special economic zone (SEZ) in Pune entailing an investment of Rs 810cr. The project in question is located off the Bandra Kurla Complex with a development space of 1.2 million sq ft and has become one of the largest campuses in the area.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #31849b; font-family: "Baskerville Old Face","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #31849b; font-family: 'Baskerville Old Face', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> According to an insider, for Essar, it is a non-core asset for which funds are showing interest as it is half-rented and has a huge future business potential because of its location. The company had bought this property from the Ashok Piramal Group's Peninsula Land for Rs 1,100cr in 2007. Most of the big funds such as Blacktsone, Morgan Stanley and IDFC are looking at commercial properties due to stable returns and lower risk. According to market experts, in case one enters with 11% yield per annum with a 15% cost escalation one can easily make a return of 18 to 19%. They think it is better than taking development risks in residential projects and giving 24 to 25% returns to investors.</span><span style="color: #31849b; font-family: "Baskerville Old Face","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 191;"> </span></div></div>MOHIT JAINhttps://plus.google.com/117485572119067096168noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8829039187029739170.post-87622900716993911892011-08-09T19:28:00.001-07:002011-08-09T19:28:12.420-07:00concrete mix design..........<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />Good quality concrete starts with the quality of materials, cost effective designs is actually a by-product of selecting the best quality material and good construction practices. Following are 10 Things to remember during Concrete Mix Design and Concrete Trials.<br /><br />1. ACI and other standards only serves as a guide, initial designs must be confirmed by laboratory trial and plant trial, adjustments on the design shall be done during trial mixes. Initial design “on paper” is never the final design.<br /><br />2. Always carry out trial mixes using the materials for actual use.<br /><br />3. Carry out 2 or 3 design variations for every design target.<br /><br />4. Consider always the factor of safety, (1.125, 1.2, 1.25, 1.3 X target strength)<br /><br />5. Before proceeding to plant trials, always confirm the source of materials to be the same as the one used in the laboratory trials.<br /><br />6. Check calibration of batching plant.<br /><br />7. Carry out full tests of fresh concrete at the batching plant, specially the air content and yield which is very important in commercial batching plants.<br /><br />8. Correct quality control procedures at the plant will prevent future concrete problems.<br /><br />9. Follow admixture recommendations from your supplier<br /><br />10. Check and verify strength development, most critical stage is the 3 and 7 days strength.</div>MOHIT JAINhttps://plus.google.com/117485572119067096168noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8829039187029739170.post-12528868453444450032011-08-03T10:51:00.000-07:002011-08-03T10:51:17.792-07:00IMP POINTS FOR PRESENTATION.....<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />Important Points from Presentation<br />A design engineer’s responsibility should include assuring the structural safety of the design, details, checking shop drawing.<br /><br />Detailing is as important as design since proper detailing of engineering designs is an essential link in the planning and engineering process as some of the most devasting collapses in history have been caused by defective connections or DETAILING. There are many examples explained in the book” DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION FAILURES by Dov Kaminetzky.<br /><br />Detailing is very important not only for the proper execution of the structures but for the safety of the structures.<br /><br />Detailing is necessary not only for the steel structures but also for the RCC members as it is the translation of all the mathematical expression’s and equation’s results.<br /><br />For the RCC members for most commonly used for buildings we can divide the detailing for Slabs-with or without openings.(Rectangular,circular,non-rectangular-pyramid slab,triangular etc) balcony slab, loft slab, corner slab etc<br /><br />Beams – With or without openigs.(Shallow & deep beams)<br />Columns – (Rectangular,l-shape,t-shape, circular,octagonal,cross shape etc)<br />Foundations.<br /><br />Detailing for gravity loads is different from the lateral loads specially for the SEISMIC FORCES.<br /><br />Apart from the detailing for the above there is a different detailing required for the Rehabilitation and strengthening of damaged structures.<br /><br />We will now dwell on the DETAILING OF MEMBERS FOR THE GRAVITY AND SOME CODAL DETAILINGS AS PER IS CODE IS 13920 AND IS 4326 AS REQUIRED FOR SEISMIC FORCES.</div>MOHIT JAINhttps://plus.google.com/117485572119067096168noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8829039187029739170.post-84421110447997960902011-07-31T04:01:00.000-07:002012-05-12T08:54:48.845-07:00CIVIL ENGG FACTS...IN INDIA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> # Sardar Sarovar Dam being executed by the group is the third largest in the world for volume of chilled concrete to be placed -nearly 7 million cum.<br /><br /># Indira Sagar a 1000 MW Power house is the second largest surface power house in the country.<br /><br /># Nathpa Jhakri a 1500 MW Power House is the largest underground power house in India.<br /><br /># Tehri Dam is the third tallest rock fill dam in the world, and the largest in Asia involving placement of over 25 million cum of all types of fill material.<br /><br /># Baglihar Hydroelectric project involved construction of 30km of project road along with three bridges.<br /><br /># Brahmaputra Guide Bund completed in a record time of 7 months.<br /><br /># Baspa-II and Chamera-II projects involved continuous concrete shuttering for tunnel lining which is used for the first time in the country.<br /><br /># Teesta V project has been provided with Jet Grouting curtain is being provided below the coffer dams for the first time in India.<br /><br /># Alimineti Madhva Reddy Irrigation project is the longest underground face to face tunnel in the world.</div>MOHIT JAINhttps://plus.google.com/117485572119067096168noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8829039187029739170.post-61731070435026335242011-06-14T03:57:00.000-07:002011-07-31T04:17:34.693-07:00DOT NET<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Q>what is dot net?<br />dot net is a framework for software development.it is similar in nature to any other software development framework (J2EE etc ) in that it rovides a set of runtime containers,and a rich set of pre built functionality in the form of class libraries and APIs.<br />it consist of : common language run time,the framework classes, and ASP.NET<br /><br />Q>how many languages .net is suporting now?<br />about 44 languages.<br />VB.NET<br />C#<br />COBOL AND PERL. etc<br /><br />Q>how .net able to suort multiple languages?<br />a languages should comply with the common language runtime standard to become a .net language.<br />in .net ,code is complied to microsoft intermediate language(MSIL for short).this is called as managed code.this managed code is run in .net environment.so after compilation to this IL the language is not a barrier.A code call or use a function written in another language.<br /><br />Q>HOw ASP.NET different from ASP?<br />scripting is seprated from the HTML,code is complied as DLL, these DLLs can be excuted on the server.<br /><br />Q>what is smart navigation?<br />the cursor osition is maintained when the page gets refreshed due to the server side validationj and the page gets refreshed.<br /><br />Q>what is view state?<br />the web is stateless,but in ASP.NET ,. the state of a page is maintained in the page itself automatically.<br />how?<br />the values are encrypted and saved in hidden controls. this is done automatically by the ASP.NET. this can be switched off/on for a single control.<br /><br />Q>how do you validate the controls in an ASP.NET page?<br />using special validation controls that are meant for this.we have range validator e mail validator.<br /><br />Q>can the validation be done in the server side?or this can be done only in the client side?<br />client side is done by default. server side validation is also possible. we can switch off the client side and server side can be done.<br /><br />Q>how to manage pagination in a page?<br />using pagination option in data grid control we haver to set the no of records for a page, ten it takes care of pagination by it self.<br /><br />Q>what is ADO.NET and what is difference b/w ADO and ADO.NET?<br />ADO.NET is stateless mechainsm. i can treat the ADO.NET as a separate in memory database where in I can use relation ships b/w the tabelsand select insert and udate to the database.I can update the actual database as a batch.<br /><br />Q>explain the life cycle of an ASP.NET page.?<br />following are the events occour during ASP.NET page life cycle:<br />1] Page_prelnit<br />2] Page_lnit<br />3] Page_lnitComlete<br />4] Page_PreLoad<br />5] Page_Load<br />6] Controls Events<br />7] Page_LoadComplete<br />8] Page_preRender<br />9] SaveViewState<br />10] Page_Render<br />11] Page_Unload<br /> among above events page_render is the only event which is raised by page.so we cant write code for this event.<br /><br />how does the cookies work in asp.net?<br />we know Http ia an state less protocol which is required for interaction b/w clinet and server.<br />so ther is no need to remember state of request raised by an web browser so that,<br />web server can recognize you have already previously visited or not.<br /><br />there are two types of state management techniques:<br />client side state management<br />server side state management<br />using cookies comes under client side state management. in Http response we write cookie containing sessionld and other information with in it.<br /><br />when a browser made a request to the web server the same cookie is sent to the server where server recognize the session id and get other information stored to it previously.<br /><br /><br /></div></div>MOHIT JAINhttps://plus.google.com/117485572119067096168noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8829039187029739170.post-79783527108652277322011-06-13T07:02:00.000-07:002011-06-13T07:23:07.164-07:00precise traversing<blockquote></blockquote><blockquote></blockquote>precise traversing is theodolite traversing using more refined instruments and devices for linear and angular measurements.more advanced techniques are also used in field work.the theodolite used are special instrument such as the watt's wild,or zeiss theodolite. the accuracy attainable is at least 1 min of arc. its optical features are also superior. micrometer and double reading are invariably incorporated into these instruments. permanent adjustment are checked and ensured. for linear measurement ,a steel tape and steel band may be used ,and it is supported above the ground. the necessary correction have to be applied with due care.<div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>regarding methods/techniques, the method in within included angels are measured at all stations is refereed. however the bearing of at least one of the sides of the traverse has to be measured with great accuracy so that the traverse is correctly oriented with respect to the north. a closed traverse is usually preferred so that all the relevant checks can be applied and closure ensured.</div><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>precise traversing is invariably conducted only under favourable atmospheric conditions, so that errors due to natural causes are minimised. the angular error of closure should not exceed "15 min under root N"</div><div>where N is the no of angles in the traverse. the limit of linear error recommended is in 10000 and in any case not more than 1 in 5000. precise traversing is primarily used to survey important boundaries, properties limits in urban areas where land acquisition costs are high, and in the location of important roads and railways. it is used only when triangulation is difficult as in the case of thickly wooded areas.</div>MOHIT JAINhttps://plus.google.com/117485572119067096168noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8829039187029739170.post-35612553995447795522011-06-12T01:34:00.000-07:002011-06-12T01:41:20.925-07:00curve by rankiner=30 meters<div>T1=17.32m</div><div>L=30 meters</div><div>curve length=31.41meters</div><div>chainage of B=30 meters b is intersection point</div><div>chainage of T1=12.68meters</div><div>initial sub chord=7.32 meters</div><div>2nd sub chord 20 meters</div><div>last one 4.09m</div><div>small delta=(1718.9/R)length of sub chord</div><div>l ===>deflection angle from tangent (small delta)</div><div>7.32 => 419min 24 sec=>6deg 59min 20 sec</div><div>20 =>1145min56sec=>19deg6min</div><div>4.09=>234min20sec=>3deg54min20sec</div><div>diagram rankine wala deflection angle k through jo solve krte hai.</div>MOHIT JAINhttps://plus.google.com/117485572119067096168noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8829039187029739170.post-74150005885489351732011-06-12T01:27:00.000-07:002011-06-12T01:34:40.148-07:00curve by chain tape methodR=30 meter DEFLECTION ANGLE=60<div>T 1 =R TAN 30=17.32 METERS</div><div>L= 2R SIN 30=30 METERS</div><div>CURVE LENGTH=31.41METRS</div><div>mid ordinate k formulae se Oo nikalo</div><div>then</div><div>x=>Ox</div><div>2=>3.952</div><div>4=>3.7511</div><div>6=>3.413</div><div>8=>2.932</div><div>10=>2.303</div><div>12=.1.514</div><div>14=>.552</div><div>15=>0</div><div>ek curve ka diagram bna lena offset from the long chord k liye</div>MOHIT JAINhttps://plus.google.com/117485572119067096168noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8829039187029739170.post-90094901542174127182011-06-11T23:21:00.000-07:002011-06-11T23:42:35.619-07:00vertical angleO <span class="Apple-style-span" style="white-space: pre;">.....</span>p....... 0 0 0............0 0 ............0 0 0<div>+ve<span class="Apple-style-span" style="white-space: pre;">...</span>L ......2 25 40. .....25 20 .........2 25 30.....<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>7DEGREE 37MINUTE 40SECONDS</div><div>-ve<span class="Apple-style-span" style="white-space: pre;">....</span>M.......5 12 20......12 00 ........5 12 10</div><div><br /></div><div>FACE RIGHT</div><div>....................0 0 0....... 0 0 ............o 0 0.</div><div>...................2 26 00...... 25 40 ........2 25 50 ...............7DEG 38 MINJ 50SEC</div><div>...................5 12 40 ........12 20 .......5 12 30</div><div>AVG VERTICAL ANGLE 7DEG 37MIN 50 SEC</div>MOHIT JAINhttps://plus.google.com/117485572119067096168noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8829039187029739170.post-83011623992357648562011-06-11T23:13:00.000-07:002011-06-11T23:59:09.408-07:00horizontal angles.n. i.s.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> .</span>sighted to<span class="Apple-style-span" style="white-space: pre;">..</span>face left<span class="Apple-style-span" style="white-space: pre;">.</span>vernier a.vernier b..total angle.repetition.mean hori<div>1.......o.......L........0 0 0...........0 0.......0 0 0</div><div>.........o.......M.....<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre">5</span>2 41 20.....41 20.....52 41 20.....1 </div><div> 2......o.......L ......0 0 0...........0 0 ........0 0 0...........................<b>52 41 26.67</b></div><div>........o.......M.......158 04 40...04 40.......158 04 40....3 </div><div> </div><div><br /></div><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>face right observation</div><div>1......o...L......0 0 0...... 0 0..... 0 0 0 </div><div>........o..M.....52 41 20....41 20...52 41 20......1</div><div>2......o..L.....0 0 0......0 0.....0 0 0...................................<b>52 41 26.67</b></div><div> ........o..M...158 04 40....04 40 ........158 04 40 3</div><div>vcalues in form of</div><div>degree minute seconds</div><div>min seconds</div>MOHIT JAINhttps://plus.google.com/117485572119067096168noreply@blogger.com0